<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2 20190208//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.2/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-6649</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6657</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Science and Innovation Center Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">480587</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12731/2658-6649-2026-18-3-1551</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">MGRVNQ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Садоводство, овощеводство, виноградарство и лекарственные культуры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Horticulture, Vegetable Growing, Viticulture, and Medicinal Crops</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Phenotypic diversity and breeding potential of the ‘Kharji’ apricot landrace (Prunus armeniaca L.) for sustainable mountain horticulture in Armenia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Фенотипическое разнообразие и селекционный потенциал местных форм абрикоса ‘Харджи’ (Prunus armeniaca L.) для устойчивого горного садоводства в Армении</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1935-8075</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akopian</surname><given-names>Janna A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акопян</surname><given-names>Жанна Андраниковна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="AM">Armenia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, Leading researcher of the Plant Introduction Department, A. Takhtajan Institute of Botany</p> <p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Отдела интродукции растений Института ботаники им. А. Тахтаджяна</p> <p> </p></bio><email>akopian_janna@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4749-0839</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Navasardyan</surname><given-names>Yevgenia M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Навасардян</surname><given-names>Евгения Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="AM">Armenia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Researcher of the Department of the Flora of Armenia Genetic Resources Conservation, A. Takhtajan Institute of Botany</p> <p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник Отдела сохранения генетических ресурсов флоры Армении Института ботаники им. А. Тахтаджяна</p> <p> </p></bio><email>y_navasardyan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6725-4086</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anatov</surname><given-names>Dzhalaludin M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анатов</surname><given-names>Джалалудин Магомедович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Research of the Laboratory of Introduction and Wood Plant Genetic Resources</p> <p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории интродукции и генетических ресурсов древесных растений</p> <p> </p></bio><email>djalal@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-6515</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goginyan</surname><given-names>Vigen B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гогинян</surname><given-names>Виген Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="AM">Armenia</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, заместитель директора, заведующий Лабораторией альтернативных источников энергии</p> <p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Deputy Director, Head of Laboratory of Energy Alternative Sources</p></bio><email>goginyan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamajanyan</surname><given-names>Sasun A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамаджанян</surname><given-names>Сасун Аршалуйсович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="AM">Armenia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor at the Chair of Crop Cultivation and Soil Science</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, доцент, кафедра растениеводства и почвоведения</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p></bio><email>s.mamajanyan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8501-8826</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudov</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рудов</surname><given-names>Александр Вахтангович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="AM">Armenia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher of the Department of the Flora of Armenia Genetic Resources Conservation, A. Takhtajan Institute of Botany</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник Отдела сохранения генетических ресурсов флоры Армении, Институт ботаники им. А. Тахтаджана</p> <p> </p> <p> </p></bio><email>vatyalaikal@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7764-7488</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaroyan</surname><given-names>Gevorg M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зароян</surname><given-names>Геворг Мартикович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="AM">Armenia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>nursery manager</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>руководитель питомника</p> <p> </p> <p> </p></bio><email>zaroyan-gev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gabrielyan</surname><given-names>Gayane S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Габриелян</surname><given-names>Гаяне Сардаровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="AM">Armenia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor at the Chair of Horticulture and Plant Protection</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, доцент, кафедра садо-плодоводства и защиты растений</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p></bio><email>gaygabrielyan1978@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Armenian National Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальная Академия Наук Армении</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Mountain Botanical Garden of the Dagestan Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Горный ботанический сад – обособленное подразделение Дагестанского федерального исследовательского центра Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">“Armbiotechnology” Scientific and Production Center NAS RA</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-производственный центр НАН РА «Армбиотехнология»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Agrarian University of Armenia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный аграрный университет Армении</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Armenia Tree Project (ATP) Charitable Foundation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Благотворительный фонд «Armenia Tree Project (ATP)»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>en</content-language><pub-date date-type="preprint" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2026-06-30"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2026-06-30"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>277</fpage><lpage>305</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-29"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-21"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><pub-history><event event-type="received"><event-desc>Received:<date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-29"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></event-desc></event><event event-type="accepted"><event-desc>Accepted:<date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-21"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></event-desc></event><event event-type="pub"><event-desc>Published:<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2026-06-30"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date></event-desc></event></pub-history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, J.A. Akopian, Y.M. Navasardyan, D.M. Anatov, V.B. Goginyan, S.A. Mamajanyan, A.V. Rudov, G.M. Zaroyan, G.S. Gabrielyan</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Ж.А. Акопян, Е.М. Навасардян, Д.М. Анатов, В.Б. Гогинян, С.А. Мамаджанян, А.В. Рудов, Г.М. Зароян, Г.С. Габриелян</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">J.A. Akopian, Y.M. Navasardyan, D.M. Anatov, V.B. Goginyan, S.A. Mamajanyan, A.V. Rudov, G.M. Zaroyan, G.S. Gabrielyan</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ж.А. Акопян, Е.М. Навасардян, Д.М. Анатов, В.Б. Гогинян, С.А. Мамаджанян, А.В. Рудов, Г.М. Зароян, Г.С. Габриелян</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rcsi.science/2658-6649/article/view/480587">https://journals.rcsi.science/2658-6649/article/view/480587</self-uri><self-uri content-type="application/pdf" xlink:href="480587/480587-1257618-1-SM.pdf" xlink:title="PDF" xml:lang="en">480587/480587-1257618-1-SM.pdf</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. The Armenian apricot landrace ‘Kharji’ (Prunus armeniaca L.) is a valuable genetic resource combining high phenotypic diversity with adaptation to mountainous and arid environments. Despite its agronomic importance, it remains insufficiently studied, limiting its use in breeding programs. In the context of increasing climate variability, the study of adaptive landraces such as ‘Kharji’ is essential for conserving biodiversity and developing resilient fruit crops for sustainable mountain horticulture.</p> <p>Purpose. The aim of this research was to characterize the phenotypic, reproductive, and biochemical diversity of ‘Kharji’ and to evaluate its potential for breeding and sustainable mountain horticulture in Armenia.</p> <p>Materials and methods. Plant material of the ‘Kharji’ apricot was collected, and field studies were conducted in various regions of Armenia. Phenotyping was performed according to UPOV (TG/70/5) descriptors. Pollen fertility and viability were assessed using acetocarmine staining and in vitro germination. Biochemical analysis of fruits included the determination of sugars, organic acids, vitamin C, and antioxidant activity. Statistical analyses were carried out using cluster and multivariate methods (K-means, UPGMA, PCA).</p> <p>Results. This study presents the first comprehensive characterization of the ‘Kharji’ landrace, including seedling morphology, vegetative and reproductive traits, fruit and endocarp characteristics, pollen fertility and viability, and fruit biochemical composition. Seedlings exhibited ma<ext-link/>rked early heterophylly, while mature trees showed high variability in growth habit, leaf and floral traits, with diverse stigma–anther arrangements supporting both self- and cross-pollination under mount<ext-link/>ain conditions. Pollen fertility ranged from 48.1% to 98.2%, with more than half of the accessions showing very high fertility and viability. Fruit and endocarp traits were highly polymorphic in size, shape, symmetry, surface texture, basal apertures, and keel development. Multivariate analyses identified two main morphotypes – cultivated-type and wild-type, reflecting the semi-wild, transitional nature of the landrace. Comparative analysis suggested a shared Iranian–Caucasian origin with Dagestan populations and regional divergence driven by environmental conditions and cultivation history. Biochemical analyses revealed high metabolic diversity, elevated organic acid content, and strong antioxidant activity, indicating adaptive and nutritionally valuable traits for stress-prone mountain environments.</p> <p>Conclusion. ‘Kharji’ landrace represents a key genetic resource for sustainable mountain<ext-link/> horticulture, combining broad phenotypic diversity, high reproductive potential, and adaptive biochemical traits. Its tolerance to climatic stress, late flowering, frost resistance, and stable pollen viability make it particularly valuable for breeding programs aimed at developing resilient cultivars for mountain and arid regions. The results highlight the importance of conserving ‘Kharji’ both in situ and ex situ and provide a scientific basis for its targeted use in breeding and long-term strategies for sustainable development of mountain territories.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обоснование. Аборигенные формы абрикоса ‘Харджи’ (Prunus armeniaca L.) представляют собой ценный генетический ресурс, сочетающий высокое фенотипическое разнообразие с адаптацией к горным и аридным условиям Армении. Несмотря на ресурсное значение, данные формы остаются недостаточно изученными, что ограничивает возможности их использования в селекционных программах. В условиях нарастающей климатической изменчивости изучение адаптивных аборигенных форм, таких как ‘Харджи’, имеет особую актуальность для сохранения биоразнообразия и создания устойчивых плодовых культур в системе горного садоводства.</p> <p>Цель. Целью настоящего исследования является характеристика фенотипического, репродуктивного и биохимического разнообразия абрикоса ‘Харджи’, а также оценка его потенциала для селекции и устойчивого горного садоводства в Армении.</p> <p>Материалы и методы. Сбор материала абрикоса ‘Харджи’ и полевые исследования проводили в разных регионах Армении. Фенотипирование выполняли по дескрипторам UPOV (TG/70/5). Фертильность и жизнеспособность пыльцы оценивали ацетокарминовым окрашиванием и методом in vitro проращивания. Биохимический анализ плодов включал определение сахаров, органических кислот, витамина C и антиоксидантной активности. Статистическую обработку данных проводили с использованием кластерного и многомерного анализа (K-means, UPGMA, PCA).</p> <p>Результаты. Впервые проведена комплексная характеристика аборигенного абрикоса ‘Харджи’, охватывающая морфологию сеянцев, вегетативные и генеративные органы, признаки плодов и эндокарпия, показатели фертильности и жизнеспособности пыльцы, а также биохимические свойства плодов. У сеянцев выявлена выраженная гетерофиллия на ранних этапах онтогенеза. Взрослые деревья характеризовались высокой вариабельностью по габитусу, морфологии листьев и цветков, включая разнообразие взаимного расположения рыльца и тычинок, что обеспечивает как самоопыление, так и перекрёстное опыление в горных условиях. Фертильность пыльцы варьировала от 48.1 до 98.2 %, при этом более половины образцов отличались очень высокими показателями фертильности и жизнеспособности. Плоды и эндокарпии отличались высокой полиморфностью по размерам, форме, симметрии, характеру поверхности, базальным отверстиям и степени развития киля. Многомерный анализ позволил выделить два основных морфотипа – культурного и дикого типов, что подтверждает полудикий и переходный характер аборигенной популяции абрикоса ‘Харджи’. Сравнительный анализ показал общее ирано-кавказское происхождение с популяциями Дагестана при наличии региональной дивергенции, обусловленной природными условиями и историей возделывания. Биохимические исследования выявили высокий уровень метаболического разнообразия, повышенное содержание органических кислот и высокую антиоксидантную активность, указывающие на адаптивную и пищевую ценность форм ‘Харджи’ в стрессовых горных условиях.</p> <p>Выводы. Абрикос ‘Харджи’ представляет собой ключевой генетический ресурс для устойчивого горного садоводства, сочетающий широкое фенотипическое разнообразие, высокую репродуктивную способность и адаптивные биохимические признаки. Толерантность к климатическим стрессам, позднее цветение, морозоустойчивость и стабильная жизнеспособность пыльцы определяют её высокую ценность для селекционных программ, направленных на создание устойчивых сортов для горных и аридных регионов. Полученные результаты подчёркивают необходимость сохранения разнообразия аборигенных форм ‘Харджи’ в in situ и ex situ условиях и формируют научную основу для их целенаправленного использования в селекции и долгосрочных стратегиях устойчивого развития горных территорий.</p> <p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>apricot</kwd><kwd>‘Kharji’ landrace</kwd><kwd>phenotypic diversity</kwd><kwd>breeding potential</kwd><kwd>fruit biochemical traits</kwd><kwd>pollen fertility</kwd><kwd>Armenian cultivars</kwd><kwd>genetic resource</kwd><kwd>mountain horticulture</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>абрикос</kwd><kwd>аборигенные формы ‘Харджи’</kwd><kwd>фенотипическое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>селекционный потенциал</kwd><kwd>биохимические признаки плодов</kwd><kwd>фертильность пыльцы</kwd><kwd>армянские сорта</kwd><kwd>генетический ресурс</kwd><kwd>горное садоводство</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Akopian, J. A. (2015). Wild growing fruit plants in the Yerevan Botanical Garden “Flora and Vegetation of Armenia” Plot Collection. In Botanical science in the modern world: Proceedings of International Conference (pp. 396–402). Yerevan.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Anatov, D. M. (2019). Phenetic analysis of natural apricot populations in the Mountainous Dagestan for endocarp (stone) features. Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding, 180(1), 89–94. https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2019-1-89-94. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/OHITUM</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Anatov, D. M. (2024a). Assessment of the resource potential of apricot in natural populations of Dagestan. Bulletin of the DSCRAS, 92, 26–32.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Anatov, D. M. (2024b). Variability of fruit morphological traits of natural Prunus armeniaca cenopopulations along an altitudinal gradient (Dagestan). Botanical Journal of the North Caucasus, 2, 15–24. https://doi.org/10.33580/24092444_2024_2_15.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Anatov, D. M., Osmanov, R. M., &amp; Asadulaev, Z. M. (2018). Variability of morphological traits of Prunus armeniaca leaf in natural populations of Mountainous Dagestan. In Proceedings of XIV Congress of the Russian Botanical Society (Vol. 3, pp. 134–136).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Arakelyan, B. N. (1951). Garni I: Rezul’taty raskopok 1949–1950 gg. [Garni I: Results of excavations in 1949–1950]. Izdatel’stvo AN Armjanskoj SSR.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Asadulaev, Z. M., Anatov, D. M., &amp; Gaziev, M. A. (2014). Genetic resources of Prunus armeniaca L. natural populations in Mountainous Dagestan. Acta Horticulturae, 1032, 183–190. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1032.24. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/SKULAP</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Asadulaev, Z. M., &amp; Anatov, D. M. (2019). Spatial structure of Prunus armeniaca L. populations in the arid woodlands of Mountaineous Dagestan. Arid Ecosystems, 9(2), 104–110. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079096119020021. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/VNUOMK</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Avdeev, V. I. (2012). Abrykosy Evrazii: evolyutsiya, genofond, introduktsiya, selektsiya. OSAU Publishing.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Avdeev, V. I. (2016). Materials on the wild apricot of Central Dagestan. Bulletin of the OSAU, 1(17), 94–106. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/VPUERH</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Basile, B., Mataffo, A., Forlani, M., &amp; Corrado, G. (2022). Diversity in morphometric, pomological, and fruit-quality traits of apricot (Prunus armeniaca) traditional varieties. Diversity, 14(8), 608. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14080608. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ZFONQU</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Burgos, L., Alburquerque, N., &amp; Egea, N. (2004). Flower biology in apricot and its implication for breeding. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 2(2), 227–241. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2004022-77</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Butkeviciute, A., Abukauskas, V., Janulis, V., &amp; Kviklys, D. (2022). Phenolic content and antioxidant activity in apples of the ‘Galaval’ cultivar grown on 17 different rootstocks. Antioxidants, 11(2), 266. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020266. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/YXUVNW</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Charrad, M., Ghazzali, N., Boiteau, V., &amp; Niknafs, A. (2014). NbClust: An R package for determining the relevant number of clusters in a data set. Journal of Statistical Software, 61(6), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v061.i06</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Corrado, G., Forlani, M., Rao, R., &amp; Basile, B. (2021). Diversity and relationships among neglected apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) landraces. Plants, 10(7), 1341. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071341. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/DZBUBW</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Dilanyan, G. Kh. (1958). Abrikos [Apricot]. In Plody Armenii. Kostočkovye (Vol. 1). State Publishing House of Armenia.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Federal State Statistical Service. (2018). Results of the All-Russian Agricultural Census of 2016: Areas of agricultural crops and perennial plantings. IIC “Statistics of Russia”.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>First National Communication of the Republic of Armenia to the UNFCCC. (1998). Ministry of Nature Protection of the Republic of Armenia.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Fratianni, F., D’acierno, A., Albanese, D., Di Matteo, M., Coppola, R., &amp; Nazzaro, F. (2022). Biochemical characterization of traditional varieties of apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.). Foods, 11, 100–112. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11010100. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/PNGIPA</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Gabrielian, E., &amp; Zohary, D. (2004). Wild relatives of food crops native to Armenia and Nakhichevan. Flora Mediterranea, 14, 5–80.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Gabrielyan, R. (2024). Irrigation systems of terraces in Armenian culture. In The Culture of Water Use in Armenia (pp. 222–230). AICA-Armenia. https://doi.org/10.70459/cm/2024.001.222</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Gabrielyan, R., &amp; Ananyan, A. (2025). Mapping of terraced gardens through geographic information system. History and Culture, 1(1), 235–246. https://doi.org/10.46991/hc.2025.si1.235</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Golubinskij, I. N. (1974). Biologija prorastanija pyl’cy [Biology of pollen germination]. Naukova dumka.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Hambartzumyan, A. M. (1976). Sterility of pollen of Armenian, Central Asian and European varieties of apricot. Biological Journal of Armenia, 29(3), 78–81.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Hambartzumyan, A. M., Harutunyan, M. I., &amp; Hambartzumyan, M. N. (1977). Wild forms of apricot in Armenia. Biological Journal of Armenia, 30(12), 3–8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Hu, X., Zheng, P., Ni, B., Miao, X., Zhao, Z., &amp; Li, M. (2019). Population genetic diversity and structure analysis of wild apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) in the Tien-Shan Mountains of China. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 51(1), 15–22.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Kafkaletou, M., Kalantzis, I., Karantzi, A., Christopoulos, M. V., &amp; Tsantili, E. (2019). Phytochemical characterization in traditional and modern apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae, 253, 195–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.04.032</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Khachatryan, A. R. (2002). Agronomic Research Methods: Educational Manual. Asoghik.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Kostina, K. F. (1936). Abrikos [Apricot]. VASKHNIL Publishing.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Kostina, K. F. (1969). Selection use of apricot varietal funds. Proceedings of Nikitsky Botanical Garden, 40, 170–189.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Kudrenko, I. K., Grinenko, N. S., &amp; Moroz, P. A. (2005). Study of quality of pollen of apricot (Armeniaca vulgaris L.) and peach (Persica vulgaris Mill.) by introduction in Ukrainian Forest Steppe. Plant Introduction, 1, 77–80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2586174</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Lachkar, A., Chaar, H., &amp; Mars, M. (2014). Reproductive behavior of Tunisian apricot cultivars as related to floral morphometric characteristics and pollen quality. International Journal of Fruit Science, 14(2), 188–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2013.818389</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Mamajanyan, S. A. (2018). Methodology of Agronomic Research. Armenian National Agrarian University.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Mehlenbacher, S. A., Cociu, V., &amp; Hough, L. F. (1991). Apricots (Prunus). Acta Horticulturae, 290, 65–110. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1991.290.3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Meliksetyan, F. Z. (1970). Apricot nectars from fruits of ungrafted ‘Kharji’ trees. In Proceedings of the scientific conference on apricot (pp. 449–451). Ayastan.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Morikyan, E. S. (1988). Armenian apricots. Ayastan Publishing House.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Nebish, A. A., Santrosyan, G. S., &amp; Aroutiounian, R. M. (2018). Reproductive biology of Armenian apricot cultivars. Acta Horticulturae, 1214, 95–102. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2018.1214.16. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/RIEGBA</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Pausheva, Z. P. (1988). Praktikum po tsitologii rastenii [Plant Cytology Practical Training]. Agropromizdat.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Sardaryan, S. H. (1967). Nakhnadaryan hasarakutyuny Hayastanum [Primitive Society in Armenia]. Mitk Publishing House.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Shi, Y., Wei, W., Wang, W., Tarolli, P., &amp; Chen, L. (2025). Food provision responses to changes in mountainous terraced and sloping cropland. Geography and Sustainability, 6(4), 100302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100302. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/MBJHYZ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Stepanyan, N. P., &amp; Stepanyan, H. A. (2011). New location of the wild growing apricot (Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.) in Armenia. Takhtajania, 190–191.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Su, C., Zheng, X., Zhang, D., Chen, Y., Xiao, J., He, Y., He, J., Wang, B., &amp; Shi, X. (2020). Investigation of sugars, organic acids, phenolic compounds and aroma fingerprint of small white apricots. Journal of Food Science, 85, 4300–4311. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.15523. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/IIOIDW</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Tibshirani, R., Walther, G., &amp; Hastie, T. (2001). Estimating the number of clusters in a data set via the gap statistic. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B, 63(2), 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9868.00293</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Tsaturyan, A. (2021). Theoretical and Applied Basics of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. YSU Publishing House. https://doi.org/10.46991/YSUPH/9785808424906</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>UPOV (TG/70/5, proj.1). (2021). Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability. International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Vavilov, N. I. (1931). Wild progenitors of the fruit trees of Turkistan and the Caucasus. In Proceeding of IX International Horticultural Congress (pp. 217–286). London.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Zargar, S. A., Wani, A. A., Saggoo, M. I. S., Kumar, N., Mir, J. I., Jan, S., &amp; Dabbou, S. (2023). Chemical quality attributes, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant properties of wild and cultivated apricot accessions. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 65, 2325–2336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-023-00937-1. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/LNJDKB</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Zaurov, D. E., Molnar, T. J., Eisenman, S. W., Ford, T. M., Mavlyanova, R. F., Capik, J. M., Funk, C. R., &amp; Goffreda, J. C. (2013). Genetic resources of apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.) in Central Asia. HortScience, 48(6), 681–691. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.48.6.681. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/XMHBLZ</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
