Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and AgricultureSiberian Journal of Life Sciences and AgricultureSiberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture2658-66492658-6657Science and Innovation Center Publishing House48044210.12731/2658-6649-2026-18-3-1813AWPVBIФизиология человека и животныхHuman and Animal PhysiologyResearch ArticlePhysiological and histopathological changes associated with aluminum induced toxicity on liver in experimental male ratshttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-7702-2304Abd Al-AzizNajwa H.
Iraq

MSc., Assist. Prof.

najwaabdalaziz1@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3345-6859Al-RufaeiIqbal A.
Iraq

PhD, Prof.

eqbal.hazam@uobasrah.edu.iqhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4524-4861AbduljaleelSalwa A.
Iraq

PhD, Prof.

salwa.abduljaleel@uobasrah.edu.iqCollege of Science, University of Basrahen3006202630062026202618345591401202628022026Received:14012026Accepted:28022026Published:30062026Copyright ©; 2026, N.H. Abd Al-Aziz, I.A. Al-Rufaei, S.A. AbduljaleelCopyright ©; 2026, Abd Al-Aziz N., Al-Rufaei I., Abduljaleel S.2026N.H. Abd Al-Aziz, I.A. Al-Rufaei, S.A. AbduljaleelAbd Al-Aziz N., Al-Rufaei I., Abduljaleel S.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://journals.rcsi.science/2658-6649/article/view/480442480442/480442-1257457-1-SM.pdf

Background. Access to various chemicals has caused many cases of poisoning in the last decades, people are deliberately, accidentally poisoned or overdose of drugs and chemicals.

Purpose. Designed to clarify the pathophysiological changes caused by using varying doses of Aluminum chloride on liver and the ameliorative effect of zinc on these changes.

Methodology. Fourteen adult male rats were allocated randomly and in equal number (n=6) into seven groups: the rats were euthanized through administration of lethal dose of chloroform, the blood were taken via cardiac puncture method, for biochemical analysis (ALT, AST, ALP, etc.). further aliquot of blood placed in anticoagulant tubes for measurement of hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, PLT, etc.). histological study done by taking liver, kidney, tissue from all experimental groups.

Results. Aluminum chloride exposure significantly increased liver enzymes and caused tissue damage in liver. Zinc chloride treatment effectively restored these parameters to near-normal levels and improved tissue histology, demonstrating its protective role against aluminum-induced toxicity. Microscopic observations of liver sections from control rats revealed that the liver parenchyma was composed of lobules and hepatocytes arranged around the central vein. After dosing, these cells showed liver toxicity, damage, and hemorrhage. However, the zinc chloride-treated groups had healthier liver tissue, with most cells arranged as hepatic plaques separated by vascular sinusoids. Conclusion. The exposure to AlCl3, the greater its effects on the rats’ organ, liver, more harmful, a dose of 100 mg of AlCl3 is than a dose of 20 or 40 mg.

aluminumbiochemical analysisliver enzymezincRahimzadeh, M. R., & Moghadamnia, A. A. (2013). Arsenic compounds toxicity. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 15(2), 51–68. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jbums.15.2.51Rahimzadeh, M. R., Rahimzadeh, M. R., Kazemi, S., & Moghadamnia, A. A. (2020). Zinc poisoning – symptoms, causes, treatments. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 20(15), 1489–1498. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389557520666200414161944 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/MJHYRGNiu, Q. (2023). Neurotoxicity of aluminum (2nd ed.). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/981-99-1592-7Willhite, C. C., Karyakina, N. A., Yokel, R. A., Yenugadhati, N., Wisniewski, T. M., Arnold, I. M. F., Momoli, F., & Krewski, D. (2014). Systematic review of potential health risks posed by pharmaceutical, occupational and consumer exposures to metallic and nanoscale aluminum, aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxide and its soluble salts. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 44(sup4), 1–80. https://doi.org/10.3109/10408444.2014.934439 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/USNDQJMohammad, F. S., Al Zubaidy, I. A. H., & Bassioni, G. (2014). A comparison of aluminum leaching processes in tap and drinking water. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 9(6), 3118–3129. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1452-3981(23)07996-8Mold, M., Cottle, J., King, A., & Exley, C. (2019). Intracellular aluminium in inflammatory and glial cells in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: A case report. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(8), 1459. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081459Crisponi, G., Fanni, D., Gerosa, C., Nemolato, S., Nurchi, V. M., Crespo-Alonso, M., Lachowicz, J. I., & Faa, G. (2013). The meaning of aluminium exposure on human health and aluminium-related diseases. Biomolecular Concepts, 4(1), 77–87. https://doi.org/10.1515/bmc-2012-0045Mohammad, F. S., Al Zubaidy, E. A. H., & Bassioni, G. (2023). Effect of aluminum leaching process of cooking wares on food. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 6(1), 222–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1452-3981(23)14988-1Singla, N., & Dhawan, D. K. (2016). Zinc improves cognitive and neuronal dysfunction during aluminium-induced neurodegeneration. Molecular Neurobiology, 54(1), 406–422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-015-9653-9 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/YVVZJJRahimzadeh, M. R., Rahimzadeh, M. R., Kazemi, S., Amiri, R. J., Pirzadeh, M., & Moghadamnia, A. A. (2022). Aluminum poisoning with emphasis on its mechanism and treatment of intoxication. Emergency Medicine International, 2022(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1480553 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/AQWYJERoohani, N., Hurrell, R., Kelishadi, R., & Schulin, R. (2013). Zinc and its importance for human health: An integrative review. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 18(2), 144.Hudson, L. G., Dashner-Titus, E. J., & MacKenzie, D. (2025). Zinc as a mechanism-based strategy for mitigation of metals toxicity. Current Environmental Health Reports, 12(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-025-00474-x EDN: https://elibrary.ru/EAZNVCCoyle-Shapiro, J. A-M. (2002). A psychological contract perspective on organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(8), 927–946. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.173 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/DVTVXZRahman, M. S., Azad, Md. A. K., Hasanuzzaman, M., Salam, R., Islam, A. R. M. T., Rahman, M. M., & Hoque, M. M. M. (2020). How air quality and COVID-19 transmission change under different lockdown scenarios? A case from Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Science of the Total Environment, 762, 143161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143161 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/VMTWQLAl Dera, H. (2016). Protective effect of resveratrol against aluminum chloride induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Saudi Medical Journal, 37(4), 369–378. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2016.4.13611 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/YDMPNVOkail, H. A., Ibrahim, A. S., & Badr, A. H. (2020). The protective effect of propolis against aluminum chloride-induced hepatorenal toxicity in albino rats. The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, 81(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-020-00169-9 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/WZGFXLMassoud, A., SaadAllah, M., Dahran, N. A., Nasr, N. E., El-Fkharany, I., Ahmed, M. S., Alsharif, K. F., Elmahallawy, E. K., & Derbalah, A. (2022). Toxicological effects of malathion at low dose on Wister male rats with respect to biochemical and histopathological alterations. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.860359 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/LUFSFCTizhe, E. V., Ibrahim, N. D.-G., Fatihu, M. Y., Ambali, S. F., Igbokwe, I. O., & Tizhe, U. D. (2020). Effect of zinc supplementation on chronic hepatorenal toxicity following oral exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide (Bushfire®) in rats. Journal of International Medical Research, 48(8). https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060520925343 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/GGMZFVLuna, L. G. (1968). Manual of histologic staining methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.Drury, R. A. B., Wallington, E. A., & Cameron, S. R. (1976). Carleton’s histological technique (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.Xu, F., Liu, Y., Zhao, H., Yu, K., Song, M., Zhu, Y., & Li, Y. (2017). Aluminum chloride caused liver dysfunction and mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder in rat. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 174, 55–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.04.016Ameh, S. S., & Alafi, O. F. (2018). Effect of ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves in protecting anaemia induced in rats by aluminium chloride. IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 4(6), 34–52.Al-Hazmi, M. A., Rawi, S. M., & Hamza, R. Z. (2021). Biochemical, histological, and neuro-physiological effects of long-term aluminum chloride exposure in rats. Metabolic Brain Disease, 36(3), 429–436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-020-00664-6 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/QZRYECAl-Qhtani, S. A., & Farran, S. K. (2017). The protective and therapeutic effect of resveratrol in improving renal and hepatic failure induced by aluminum chloride in experimental animals. Journal of American Science, 13(10), 26. https://doi.org/10.7537/marsjas131017.03Manjunath, G. K., Udaya Bhat, K., & Preetham Kumar, G. V. (2022). Effect of zinc content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg alloy. Materials Today: Proceedings, 54, 240–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.08.301 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/PYSIGSEl-Demerdash, F. M., Yousef, M. I., Kedwany, F. S., & Baghdadi, H. H. (2004). Role of α-tocopherol and β-carotene in ameliorating the fenvalerate-induced changes in oxidative stress, hemato-biochemical parameters, and semen quality of male rats. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes, 39(3), 443–459. https://doi.org/10.1081/pfc-120035929Eze, E. D., Dawud, F. A., Zainab, A. A., Jimoh, A., Malgwi, I. S., & Isa, A. S. (2012). Preliminary studies of effects of vitamin C and zinc on some liver enzymes in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 4(1), 17–22.Brown, A. S. (2012). Epidemiologic studies of exposure to prenatal infection and risk of schizophrenia and autism. Developmental Neurobiology, 72(10), 1272–1276. https://doi.org/10.1002/dneu.22024 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/RKGWEFAl-Hashem, F. (2009). Camel’s milk protects against aluminum chloride-induced toxicity in the liver and kidney of white albino rats. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 5(3), 98–109. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2009.98.108AI-Rufaei, I. A., Ali, S. A., Kareem, D. A., & Majeed, M. F. (2025). Single and combined effects of lead and piroxicam on the structural and functional profiles of the liver and kidney. Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski, 53(3), 328–335. https://doi.org/10.36740/merkur202503105 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/HMRASEGuarner, F., & Malagelada, J.-R. (2003). Gut flora in health and disease. The Lancet, 361(9356), 512–519. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12489-0 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/LREGDDPrakash, O., Kumar, R., Mishra, A., & Gupta, R. (2009). Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit): An overview. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 3(6), 353.