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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-6649</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6657</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Science and Innovation Center Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">482561</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12731/2658-6649-2026-18-3-1815</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">XITOHH</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Гигиена</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Hygiene</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Neural network classification of a comprehensive occupational health risk index for agricultural workers in the peripheral zones of a megacity: Data from the Leningrad Region</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нейросетевая классификация комплексного индекса профессионального риска здоровью работников агропромышленного комплекса периферийных зон мегаполиса: данные Ленинградской области</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6474-9289</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Yin</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ли</surname><given-names>Инь</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="CN">China</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor, School of Management</p>
<p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент, Школа менеджмента</p>
<p> </p></bio><email>dr.liyin@hit.edu.cn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1714-7784</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ergunova</surname><given-names>Olga T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ергунова</surname><given-names>Ольга Титовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Graduate School of Industrial Management</p> <p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат экономических наук, доцент, доцент Высшей школы производственного менеджмента</p> <p> </p></bio><email>ergunova-olga@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9014-2541</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Titov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титов</surname><given-names>Александр Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Associate Professor at the Graduate School of Industrial Management; Associate Professor at the Department of Business Informatics</p> <p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат экономических наук, доцент, доцент Высшей школы производственного менеджмента; доцент кафедры «Бизнес-информатика»</p> <p> </p></bio><email>titov_ab@spbstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2592-9198</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Somov</surname><given-names>Andrey G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сомов</surname><given-names>Андрей Георгиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Economics, Senior Lecturer at the Graduate School of Industrial Management</p> <p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат экономических наук, старший преподаватель Высшей школы производственного менеджмента</p> <p> </p></bio><email>somovspb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Harbin Institute of Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Харбинский технологический институт</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (St. Petersburg branch)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Финансовый университет при Правительстве РФ (Санкт-Петербургский филиал)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>en</content-language><pub-date date-type="preprint" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2026-06-30"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2026-06-30"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>323</fpage><lpage>348</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-11"><day>11</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-27"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><pub-history><event event-type="received"><event-desc>Received:<date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-11"><day>11</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></event-desc></event><event event-type="accepted"><event-desc>Accepted:<date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-27"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></event-desc></event><event event-type="pub"><event-desc>Published:<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2026-06-30"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date></event-desc></event></pub-history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Li Yin, O.T. Ergunova, A.B. Titov, A.G. Somov</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Ли Инь, О.Т. Ергунова, А.Б. Титов, А.Г. Сомов</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Li Yin, O.T. Ergunova, A.B. Titov, A.G. Somov</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ли Инь, О.Т. Ергунова, А.Б. Титов, А.Г. Сомов</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rcsi.science/2658-6649/article/view/482561">https://journals.rcsi.science/2658-6649/article/view/482561</self-uri><self-uri content-type="application/pdf" xlink:href="482561/482561-1259663-1-SM.pdf" xlink:title="PDF" xml:lang="en">482561/482561-1259663-1-SM.pdf</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Agricultural workers in periurban zones of large metropolitan areas are exposed to a complex combination of occupational, ecological and socio-occupational stressors that substantially elevate the burden of work-related diseases. Preventive medicine frameworks require quantitative, data-driven instruments capable of stratifying individual health risk under conditions of high inter-individual variability and incomplete administrative records. However, existing categorical risk scoring systems treat exposure domains independently and rely on manual expert evaluation, limiting their scalability.</p> <p>Purpose. To develop and validate a feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) model for automated classification of an expert-constructed composite occupational health risk index (OHRI) among agro-industrial workers in the Leningrad Region, and to assess the relative contribution of ecological, physiological and socio-occupational predictor domains to risk classification through permutation importance analysis.</p> <p>Methods. A cross-sectional dataset comprising 1,248 agricultural workers from 14 enterprises of the Leningrad Region (index examinations conducted between 2021 and 2025) was assembled from periodic medical examinations, workplace sanitary inspections, and regional environmental monitoring records. The OHRI was constructed as a weighted composite of three domain scores – Ecological Exposure Score (EES), Physiological Strain Score (PSS), and Social-Labor Stress Score (SLSS) – with weights derived through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) expert elicitation. A feedforward ANN with two hidden layers (architecture: 22–64–32–1) was implemented in PyTorch and trained using a 70/15/15 stratified split. The ANN was benchm<ext-link/>arked against logistic regression with elastic net regularization (LR-EN) and a gradient boosting classifier (GBC, XGBoost). Model performance was evaluated by AUC-ROC, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, and Brier score on the holdout test set. Enterprise-aware group splitting was applied to mitigate data leakage arising from the clustered data structure.</p> <p>Results. The ANN model achieved an AUC-ROC of 0.872 (95 % CI: 0.831–0.913), outperforming logistic regression (AUC 0.803, DeLong p &lt; 0.001) and performing comparably to gradient boosting (AUC 0.858, DeLong p = 0.214). The five most important predictors by permutation importance were: cumulative pesticide exposure index (mean importance = 0.083), heart rate variability SDNN (0.071), ambient PM2.5 concentration at the worksite (0.063), subjective labor intensity score (0.054), and years of employment in the sector (0.049). On the holdout set, the ANN achieved sensitivity of 0.806, specificity of 0.862, and an overall accuracy of 0.843.</p> <p>Conclusion. A feedforward neural network can classify an expert-constructed composite occupational health risk index with good discriminatory accuracy and may serve as a scalable digital tool for automated risk stratification in agro-industrial enterprises. The ecological domain contributed the largest share of predictor importance, followed by physiological and socio-occupational domains. Prospective validation against incident occupational disease outcomes is required before the model can be recommended for clinical deployment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обоснование. Работники аграрного сектора периферийных зон мегаполисов подвергаются комплексному воздействию профессиональных, экологических и социально-трудовых стрессоров, что существенно увеличивает бремя профессиональной заболеваемости. Существующие категориальные системы оценки профессионального риска рассматривают домены экспозиции независимо и основаны на ручной экспертной оценке, что ограничивает их масштабируемость.</p> <p>Цель. Разработка и валидация модели на основе многослойного персептрона (искусственной нейронной сети, ИНС) для автоматизированной классификации экспертно-конструированного комплексного индекса профессионального риска здоровью (ИПРЗ) работников агропромышленных предприятий Ленинградской области, а также оценка относительного вклада экологических, физиологических и социально-трудовых предикторов в классификацию риска методом пермутационной важности.</p> <p>Методы. Сформирована поперечная выборка из 1 248 работников АПК 14 предприятий Ленинградской области (индексные осмотры за 2021–2025 гг.) на основании данных периодических медицинских осмотров (ПМО), санитарно-гигиенических характеристик рабочих мест и регионального экологического мониторинга. ИПРЗ рассчитан как взвешенная композиция трёх доменных оценок (экологической, физиологической, социально-трудовой) с весами, полученными методом анализа иерархий (AHP). ИНС с двумя скрытыми слоями (архитектура: 22–64–32–1) реализована в PyTorch, обучена в разбивке 70/15/15 с учётом кластерной структуры по предприятиям и сопоставлена с логистической регрессией и градиентным бустингом (XGBoost).</p> <p>Результаты. Модель ИНС достигла AUC-ROC = 0,872 (95 % ДИ: 0,831–0,913), превзойдя логистическую регрессию (AUC 0,803; DeLong p &lt; 0,001) и показав сопоставимую с градиентным бустингом точность (AUC 0,858; DeLong p = 0,214). Пять наиболее значимых предикторов (по пермутационной важности): кумулятивный индекс воздействия пестицидов (0,083), вариабельность сердечного ритма SDNN (0,071), концентрация PM2,5 на рабочем месте (0,063), субъективная оценка трудовой интенсивности (0,054), стаж работы в отрасли (0,049). Чувствительность модели – 0,806, специфичность – 0,862, общая точность – 0,843.</p> <p>Заключение. ИНС обеспечивает автоматизированную классификацию экспертно-конструированного комплексного индекса профессионального риска с хорошей дискриминационной точностью. Для клинического внедрения модели необходима проспективная валидация с использованием подтверждённых клинических исходов профессиональных заболеваний. Важно подчеркнуть, что текущая модель классифицирует экспертно-конструированный индекс, а не независимый клинический исход, что ограничивает клиническую интерпретируемость результатов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>artificial neural network</kwd><kwd>occupational health risk index</kwd><kwd>agricultural workers</kwd><kwd>preventive medicine</kwd><kwd>periurban area</kwd><kwd>ecological monitoring</kwd><kwd>socio-occupational factors</kwd><kwd>analytic hierarchy process</kwd><kwd>composite risk index</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>Leningrad Region</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>искусственная нейронная сеть</kwd><kwd>индекс профессионального риска здоровью</kwd><kwd>работники АПК</kwd><kwd>профилактическая медицина</kwd><kwd>периферия мегаполиса</kwd><kwd>экологический мониторинг</kwd><kwd>социально-трудовые факторы</kwd><kwd>метод анализа иерархий</kwd><kwd>композитный индекс риска</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>Ленинградская область</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosstat (Federal State Statistics Service). 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