Выявление носителей мутантных аллелей крупного рогатого скота на территории Центрально-Чернозёмного региона России с помощью NGS-секвенирования
Аннотация
Обоснование. Для проведения качественной селекционной работы в популяциях крупного рогатого скота необходимо использовать методы секвенирования нового поколения (NGS), которые позволяют за короткий промежуток времени оценить большие выборки животных по значительному количеству однонуклеотидных замен (SNP).
Материалы и методы. Проведено генотипирование крупного рогатого скота голштинской породы черно-пестрой масти, разводимого в центрально-черноземном регионе России (Белгородская область), с помощью NGS-секвенирования (мультилокусная панель TruSeq® Bovine Parentage Kit, Illumina США).
Результаты. Было установлено, что большинство исследуемых животных являются межлинейными гибридами. Корреляционный анализ на соответствие животных линий «Reflection Sovereign», «Montvik Chieftain» и «Vis Back Ideal» показал отсутствие корреляционной зависимости (r=0,165, р=0,106). Кроме того, 10,4 % голов являлись носителями гена, относящегося голштинской породе красно-пестрой масти. Также 61,5 % голов оказались носителями мутантного аллеля G (_SNPchr8_108833985), который снижает иммунитет и способствует развитию моракселлеза. Выявлены носители ряда неблагоприятных мутаций, таких как Синдактилия (SY) – 8.3 % голов, мутации, приводящие к лейкизму (ген MITF) – 12,3% голов; а также мутации гена мелакортинового рецептора (MC1R) – 10,4% голов. Носители полулетальной мутации (аллель Т) в гене APAF1 составили 3,0 % голов, носители летальной мутации (аллеля С) гена HH3 – 14,6% голов, носитель летальной мутации (аллеля С) гена HHB (BLAD) – 1,0% голов, носители полулетальной мутации (аллеля А) гена SLC35A3 – 2,0% голов. Все это свидетельствует об ошибках в селекционной работе. На фоне указанных неблагоприятных генетических факторов был отмечены носители мутаций с положительным эффектом, влияющих на мясную и молочную продуктивность, а именно: носители мутации гена MSTN (аллель Т) – 50% голов, носители мутации в гене ABCG2 (аллель С) – 4,2 % голов, носители мутации в гене DGAT1 (аллель А) – 28.1 % голов, носитель мутации в гене CSN1S1 (аллель А) – 1 % голов.
Заключение. Полагаем, что корректировка селекционной работы в отношение указанных мутаций, как с отрицательным, так и с положительным эффектом, позволит хозяйствам создавать племенные ядра высокопродуктивных животных, что будет способствовать повышение количества и качества молочной продукции.
EDN: RCSHPU
Скачивания
Литература
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