Результаты исследования воздействия глифосата и антибиотиков на состав и функции микробиома кишечника бройлеров
Аннотация
Обоснование. Сочетанное действие остаточных количеств пестицидов и антибиотиков в кормах для птиц может приводить к негативному воздействию на состав кишечного микробиома поголовья.
Цель. Проанализировать изменение состава микробиома слепых отростков кишечника бройлеров под воздействием глифосата в количестве 1 ПДК для продуктов питания изолированно и при комбинации глифосата с антибиотиками и противококцидийным препаратом.
Материалы и методы. Подопытных птиц делили на 4 группы: I группа - контрольная, которая получала основной рацион (ОР), II опытная - ОР с добавлением глифосата; III опытная - ОР с добавлением глифосата и ветеринарных антибиотиков; IV опытная - ОР с добавлением глифосата и кокцидиостатика. Состав бактерий определяли методом NGS- секвенирования на автоматическом секвенаторе MiSeq («Illumina, Inc.», США). Программное обеспечение PICRUSt2 (v.2.3.0) (https://github.com/picrust/picrust2) было использовано для проведения прогнозирования функциональной активности метагенома, семейств генов и белков.
Результаты. Результаты показали, что под влиянием глифосата (опытная группа II) на 7-е и 40-е сутки жизни бройлеров из сообщества микроорганизмов химуса слепых отростков кишечника полностью элиминировались микроорганизмы филума Proteobacteria, на 14-е сутки их содержание снижалось в 3,7 раза по сравнению с контрольной группой I (P≤0,05). В группах III и IV их количество возрастало по сравнению с группой II до 3,1 и 7,9 раза соответственно (P≤0,05). В 7-ми суточном возрасте в опытной группе II, а также в 7-40 суточном возрасте в опытной группе III снижалось количество бактерий Ruminococcaceae и Oscillospiraceae до 10,3 и 11,8% соответственно по сравнению с контрольной группой I (P≤0,05). Изменения в составе микробных таксонов под влиянием вводимых в корм пестицидов и лекарственных веществ привели к изменению 185 потенциальных функциональных путей (P≤0,05). Так, снижалась активность путей энергетического, углеводного, протеинового метаболизма, обмена жиров, биосинтеза коферментов и кофакторов, витаминов в опытных группах II-IV по сравнению с контрольной группой I (Р≤0,05).
Заключение. Полученные нами данные указывают на то, что при экспериментальной контаминации корма гербицидом глифосатом, введении в корм ветеринарных антибиотиков и кокцидиостатика в слепых отростках кишечника цыплят-бройлеров происходили изменения структуры микробиома уже на высоких таксономических уровнях, а также наблюдалось угнетение критически важных потенциально заложенных функциональных путей. Это может негативно повлиять на организм хозяина.
Информация о спонсорстве. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке гранта РНФ №22-16-00128.
EDN: ODFQOK
Скачивания
Литература
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