Возможности использования электрофореза белков для оценки метаболизма лошадей (обзор литературы)
Аннотация
Обоснование. Электрофорез является распространённым и эффективным методом оценки белкового профиля человека и животных. Метод разделения белков с помощью электрофореза хорошо зарекомендовал себя с момента открытия и в течение нескольких десятилетий развивался и усовершенствовался. На современном этапе эта процедура не теряет актуальности и находит новые области применения.
Цель исследования. Изучить и проанализировать накопленный опыт в области применения методов детекции белков с помощью электрофореза, в частности для оценки метаболизма лошадей.
Материалы и методы. Литературный поиск производился по ключевым словам с использованием открытых баз данных: PubMed, eLibrary, Scopus, а также поисковой системы Академия Google. Были отобраны и проанализированы наиболее значимые работы по теме обзора.
Результаты. Молекулярная масса, размер и форма молекулы, а также её суммарный заряд – являются основными факторами, благодаря которым возможно разделение сложных смесей на отдельные фракции за счёт различия в скорости их движения. На успех разделения белковых смесей влияет не только природа протеинов, но и поддерживающая среда, которая должна соответствовать важным характеристикам: поддерживать оптимальный pH и пропускать молекулы с определённой скоростью. Методы детекции белков также разнообразны, как и методы разделения: неселективное окрашивание с помощью кумасси бриллиантового синего, амидо-черного 10Б, серебра, флуоресцентных красителей, и селективное с помощью иммунопреципитации или энзимоэлектрофореза.
Оценка метаболизма лошадей с помощью электрофореза распространяется практически на все области исследования: установление сезонных и возрастных изменений; анализ особенностей пород, субпопуляций и гибридов; оценка маркеров воспаления, некоторых патологий, таких, как язва, увеит, паразитарные и вирусные инфекции, миопатии, а также маркеров тренированности животных. В репродукции животных электрофорез может использоваться при оценке качества эякулята, для определения способности спермы к замораживанию, выявлении жизнеспособности сперматозоидов в том числе после криоконсервации, а также для выявления изменений во время жерёбости кобыл.
Заключение. Метод электрофореза находит широкое применение в практике оценки метаболизма человека и животных, в том числе лошадей. Имеет высокую степень значимости для анализа популяционных, возрастно-половых и сезонных различий лошадей, а также находит своё применение в оценке работоспособности животных и репродуктивных технологиях.
Информация о спонсорстве. Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда, грант № 20-16-00101-П.
EDN: UOPHUM
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