Полиамины – как факторы старения и долголетия у птиц в сравнении с млекопитающими: обзор
Аннотация
Обоснование. Старение – запрограммированный на генетическом и эпигенетическом уровнях патофизиологический процесс, скорость которого определяется соотношением между факторами повреждения, с одной стороны, и факторами репарации организма – с другой. Отсутствие на сегодняшний день универсальной теории старения является поводом для новых научных изысканий, направленных на изучение фундаментальных механизмов старения у различных видов животных. Продолжительность жизни у птиц значительно выше, чем у млекопитающих при нормализации по размеру тела и стандартизации по константе Рубнера. Свой вклад в долгожительство птиц вносят полиамины в силу особенностей обмена последних и более высокому их уровню в организме птиц по сравнению с млекопитающими.
Полиамины, такие как спермидин и спермин, представляют собой уникальный класс поликатионных молекул, характеризующихся плейотропной генетической, биохимической и физиологической активностью, проявляющейся во всех тканях организма животных. В настоящее время, исследование роли полиаминов в процессах старения приобретает особую актуальность.
Цель представленного научного обзора заключается в разработке гипотезы о ведущем влиянии полиаминов (в первую очередь спермидина и спермина) на феномен долгожительства птиц по сравнению с млекопитающими. В основе данного исследования лежит гипотеза о том, что именно метаболические особенности полиаминов, отчетливо различающиеся у птиц и млекопитающих, являются ключевым фактором, определяющим расхождение в темпах старения и видовом пределе продолжительности жизни, наблюдаемом у представителей этих двух классов позвоночных.
Материалы и методы. Проанализированы литературные источники, представленные в базе научной литературы Elibrary (https://elibrary.ru/), PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), Science Direct (https://www.sciencedirect.com/), Google Academy (https://scholar.google.ru/schhp?hl=ru). Для анализа были отобраны полнотекстовые научные и краткие сообщения, опубликованные на русском и английском языках.
Результаты. Полиамины являются не только маркерами старения, но могут рассматриваться в качестве предикторов долголетия, о чем свидетельствует эффективность влияния полиаминов на все системы организма. Предложенная гипотеза о продолжительности жизни у птиц предоставляет перспективное направление для дальнейших исследований. Проверка этой гипотезы с использованием обширных наборов данных, включающих различные виды птиц и учитывающих множество переменных, позволит значительно углубить наше понимание механизмов старения и факторов, определяющих продолжительность жизни.
Скачивания
Литература
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Xu, T. T., Li, H., Dai, Z., Lau, G. K., Li, B. Y., et al. (2020). Spermidine and spermine delay brain aging by inducing autophagy in SAMP8 mice. Aging (Albany NY), 12(7), 6401–6414. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103035. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/LUPOIW
Zhang, T., Fu, W., Zhang, H., Li, J., & Xing, B. (2024). Spermidine mediates acetylhypusination of RIPK1 to suppress diabetes onset and progression. Nat. Cell Biol., 26(12), 2099–2114. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41556-024-01540-6. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/QFQDHN
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