ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ВЫДЕЛЕННЫХ В ВОСТОЧНОЙ СИБИРИ ГРИБОВ РОДА Trichoderma ПРОТИВ ФИТОПАТОГЕНОВ
Аннотация
Обоснование. Во всем мире потери сельскохозяйственной продукции связаны с болезнями растений, чаще всего вызываемыми микроскопическими грибами. Одним из наиболее эффективных способов борьбы с ними является применение различных химических фунгицидов. Но избыточная обработка подобными препаратами способна привести к негативным последствиям. Для решения этой проблемы исследуются альтернативы химической борьбе с помощью использования микробов-антагонистов. Особый интерес представляют грибы рода Trichoderma, которые можно использовать как биопрепарат, обладающий потенциалом для защиты от ряда заболеваний у растений.
Цель. Изучение антагонистических взаимодействий двух микромицетов рода Trichoderma, выделенных со спилов древесины в Восточной Сибири, и фитопатогенных грибов.
Материалы и методы. Таксономическую принадлежность, выделенных микромицетов, определяли по макро- и микроморфологическим признакам с использованием светового микроскопа Primo Star (Zeiss, Германия). Молекулярно-генетический анализ проводился на базе Всероссийской коллекции промышленных микроорганизмов на основе анализа последовательности рибосомальных генов. Антагонистическую активность Trichoderma тестировали in vitro методом встречных культур, в 5 повторностях.
Результаты. По результатам морфологического и молекулярно-генетического анализа выделенные штаммы были отнесены к видам Trichoderma atroviride и Trichoderma harzianum. Показано, что выделенные штаммы Trichoderma эффективно подавляют развитие исследуемых патогенных грибов (до 50-80%).
Заключение. Таким образом, представленные в работе данные позволяют сделать вывод о возможности использования Trichoderma atroviride и Trichoderma harzianum в дальнейшем изучении средств биоконтроля болезней растений.
Информация о спонсорстве. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке гранта РНФ № 23-26-10008.
Скачивания
Литература
Список литературы
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Xue P., Liu X., Jia H., Yuan H., Liu B., Zhang J., He Z. Environmental behavior of the chiral fungicide epoxiconazole in earthworm-soil system: Enantioselective enrichment, degradation kinetics, chiral metabolite identification, and biotransformation mechanism // Environment International, 2022, vol. 167, 107442 p. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107442
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Karamchandani B.M., Chakraborty S., Dalvi S.G. Chitosan and its derivatives: Promising biomaterial in averting fungal diseases of sugarcane and other crops. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 2022, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 533-554. https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.202100613
Kekalo A.Yu., Zargaryan N.Yu., Nemchenko V.V. Effectiveness of fungicidal protection of spring wheat against powdery mildew and tan spot. Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science, 2023, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 45-52. https://doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2023-1-6
Kumar J., Kumar M., Tomar A., Vaishali, Kumar P., Chand P. Morphological and molecular characterization of Trichoderma spp. from Rhizosphere Soil and their antagonistic activity against Fusarium spp. International Journal of Plant and Soil Science, 2021, vol. 33, no. 19, pp. 100-112. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i1930605
Lyubenova A., Rusanova М., Nikolova M., Slavov S.B. Plant extracts and Trichoderma spp: possibilities for implementation in agriculture as biopesticides. Biotechnology and Biotechnological Equipment, 2023, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 159-166. https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2023.2166869
Manzar N., Kashyap A.S., Goutam R.S., Rajawat M.V.S., Sharma P.K., Sharma S.K., Singh H.V. Trichoderma: Advent of Versatile Biocontrol Agent, Its Secrets and Insights into Mechanism of Biocontrol Potential. Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, no. 19, 12786 p. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912786
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Meher J., Rajput R.S., Bajpai R., Teli B., Sarma B.K. Trichoderma: A globally dominant commercial biofungicide. Trichoderma: Agricultural Applications and Beyond, Soil Biology, Springer Nature: Cham, Switzerland, 2020, vol. 61, pp. 195-208. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54758-5_9
National Library of Medicine. National Center for Biotechnology Information. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast
Pani S., Kumar A., Sharma A. Trichoderma harzianum: An Overview. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 2021, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 32-39.
Pramanick B., Bera A., Saha P., Barman A. Soil Microflora and Their Interaction with Plants Under Changing Climatic Scenarios. Microbial Symbionts and Plant Health: Trends and Ap-plications for Changing Climate, 2023, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 19-40. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0030-5_2
Putranto W.A., Nugroho R. A., Hardiyanta S.P., Cahyaningrum D.Ch. Are Trichoderma atroviride and Trichoderma harzianum effective to control Fusarium associated with tomato wilt? Microbiology Indonesia, 2021, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 84-90 https://doi.org/10.5454/mi.15.3.2
Rola K., Majewska E., Chowaniec K. Interaction effect of fungicide and chitosan on non-target lichenized fungi. Chemosphere, 2023, vol. 316, 137772 p. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137772
Sana B. S., Sumaira H., Dar M. S. et al. Morpho-cultural and molecular characterization of Trichoderma species from apple rhizosphere of North-western Himalayan temperate region of India. Preprint (Version 1) available at Research Square, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2429359/v1
Tucci M., Ruocco M., Masi L. D., Palma M. D., Lorito M. The beneficial effect of Trichoderma spp. on tomato is modulated by the plant genotype. Molecular Plant Pathology, 2011, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 341–354. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2010.00674.x
Tyskiewicz R., Nowak A., Ozimek E., Jaroszuk-Sciseł J. Trichoderma: the current status of its application in agriculture for the biocontrol of fungal phytopathogens and stimulation of plant growth. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, vol. 23, no. 4, 2329 p. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042329
Viglas J., Olejnikova P. Trichoderma atroviride: an isolate from forest environment with sec-ondary metabolites with high antimicrobial potential. Acta Chimica Slovaca, 2019, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 46-55. https://doi.org/10.2478/acs-2019-0008
Xue P., Liu X., Jia H., Yuan H., Liu B., Zhang J., He Z. Environmental behavior of the chiral fungicide epoxiconazole in earthworm-soil system: Enantioselective enrichment, degradation kinetics, chiral metabolite identification, and biotransformation mechanism. Environment International, 2022, vol. 167, 107442 p. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107442
Yassin M.T., Mostafa A.A.F., Al-Askar A.A., Sayed S.R.M., Rady A.M. Antagonistic activity of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride strains against some fusarial pathogens causing stalk rot disease of maize, in vitro. Journal of King Saud University – Science, 2021, vol. 33, no. 3, 101363 p. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101363
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