ИНТЕРНЕТ-ЗАВИСИМОСТЬ: ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА И ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОДРОСТКОВ
Аннотация
Цель исследования: обзор отечественных и зарубежных исследований в области формирования интернет-зависимости у подростков.
Материалы и методы. В статье представлен обзор литературы и проанализированы научные исследования о распространенности интернет-аддикции, формировании интернет-зависимости и индивидуально-психологических особенностях подростков по данным исследователей различных стран. Авторами статьи проведен научный поиск с использованием соответствующих ключевых слов, в поисковых системах PubMed и Google Scholar, по базам данных для поиска научной информации: библиотека РФФИ, PsyJournals, PsyArxiv, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, РИНЦ (eLIBRARY.RU) и другим.
Результаты. Для изучения наличия интернет-зависимости и его видов в исследованиях применяются анкетирование ("Chen Internet Addiction Scale" (CIAS), "Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents" (GASA) и "The Social Media Disorder Scale" (SMDS), русскоязычные версии опросников), психологическое тестирование и психологическое наблюдение. Значимыми факторами риска возникновения интернет-зависимости у подростков являются: высокая возбудимость (раздражительность, нервозность); снижение самоконтроля (снижение проявления собственных эмоций и побуждений к деятельности); эмоциональная неустойчивость (перепады настроения, импульсивность, непоследовательность действий); тревожно-депрессивные состояния; склонность к интроверсии по комплексу свойств личности; недостаточная развитость эмоционального (социального) интеллекта (восприятие, использование, понимание и управление эмоциями), затруднения в учебном процессе.
Заключение. Раннее предупреждение развития интернет-зависимости нужно проводить в образовательных учреждениях. Персонализированная профилактика интернет-зависимости в возрастной группе подростков наиболее эффективна и может значительно снизить заболеваемость. Выявить у подростков склонность к аддиктивному поведению может квалифицированный психолог. Воспитание у детей и подростков разумного использования технологий. Для лучшей идентификации общих черт и различных видов интернет-зависимости от потребляемого контента необходимы дополнительные исследования у подростков.
Скачивания
Литература
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