ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СОСТОЯНИЯ ДРЕВЕСНО-КУСТАРНИКОВЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ АНТРОПОГЕННОГО СТРЕССА
Аннотация
Актуальность. Изучение антропогенного воздействия на компоненты окружающей среды, в первую очередь на древесно-кустарниковые растения, которые являются основным средообразующими элементом в естественной и искусственной экосистеме, является актуальным.
Материал и методы. Предметом исследования являлось выявление реакции древесно-кустарниковых растений на условия произрастания в техногенной среде. В статье приведены результаты исследования жизненного состояния древесных растений, особенности динамики содержания метаболитом, участвующих в защите растений от негативных условий произрастания. Методами спектрофотометрии и титриметрического анализа было определено количественное содержание танинов и полифенолоксидазы в листьях растений в течение периода активной вегетации.
Результат. Жизненное состояние снижается в ряду: Betula pendula Roth.> Sorbus aucuparia L.> Rosa majalis Herrn.> Acer negundo L. >Tilia cordata Mill. В насаждениях техногенных территорий отмечается возрастания повреждений листовой пластинки, появляется большее количество сухих ветвей в кроне дерева, по сравнению с зоной контроля. Так в зоне исследований наименьшие баллы жизненного состояния зафиксированы у Tilia cordata Mill., а наивысшие баллы жизненного состояния – у березы повислой. У рябины обыкновенной, шиповника майского и клена американского жизненное состояние среднее. Показаны изменения в содержании танинов и активности полифенолоксидазы в листьях исследуемых растений. В насаждениях техногенных территорий отмечено повышение активности полифенолоксидазы, что является следствием интенсивной антропогенной нагрузки на древесные растения. Повышенная активность полифенолоксидазы способствует снижению содержания танинов в листьях растений.
Выводы. У Betula pendula Roth., Sorbus aucuparia L. в условиях СЗЗ промышленных предприятий в июле накопление танинов идет интенсивнее, чем в контрольных насаждениях. Спектрофотометрическое определение активности помогает понять причины по которым содержание танинов возрастает или уменьшается. Данный факт указывает на участие танинов в комплексе приспособительных реакций растений, которые связаны с защитой от аэрогенных загрязнителей. В результате исследования выявлены наиболее устойчивые к антропогенному стрессу виды растений: Betula pendula Roth., Sorbus aucuparia L., Rosa majalis Herrn.
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