ВЛИЯНИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ КЛИМАТА, ФОРМЫ И ИЗБЫТКА АЗОТНЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ НА РАЗВИТИЕ ГРИБКОВЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ
Аннотация
Обоснование. Глобальное изменение климата и чрезмерное применение азота стали серьезной проблемой и неизбежно угрожают устойчивому производству пшеницы не только с прямым негативным воздействием на рост культур, но и с серьезным воздействием на биологию и борьбу с вредителями и болезнями.
Цель. В этом обзоре рассматриваются две текущие проблемы, а именно негативное влияние изменения климата и формы и избытка богатых азотом удобрений на развитие грибковых заболеваний пшеницы, а также стратегии управления.
Материалы и методы. Для достижения заявленной цели исследования было проведено изучение опубликованной научной литературы за последние 20 лет о влиянии изменения климата, формы и избытка азотных удобрений на развитие грибковых болезней и на урожайность пшеницы.
Результаты. Таким образом, для решения этих текущих проблем необходимо оптимизировать дозу азотных удобрений, вносить азот в виде селитры, сульфата аммония, аммиачной селитры и карбамидных удобрений в оболочке, использовать силикатные удобрения, такие как силикат кальция, магния и калия, а также осуществлять длительный севооборот пшеницы с многолетними бобовыми травами и зернобобовыми культурами. Вывести путем редактирования генома сорта с высоким потенциалом урожайности, устойчивые к биотическим и абиотическим стрессам и хорошего качества для конечного использования, или возделывать новые зерновые, которые нуждаются в тепле и имеют более длительный период репродуктивного роста.
Заключение. Чтобы разработать эффективную стратегию управления сельскохозяйственным производством, будущие исследования должны быть основаны на изучении взаимодействия между сельскохозяйственными культурами, вредителями, патогенами и системой земледелия в условиях изменения климата, принимая во внимание все параметры, такие как повышение температуры и CO2, обилие осадков и т. д. Необходимо опубликовать достаточное количество результатов, чтобы можно было сделать осмысленные выводы.
Скачивания
Литература
References
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