ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ЗДОРОВЬЕ СПОРТСМЕНОВ В ПЕРИОД ПАНДЕМИИ COVID-2019
Аннотация
Обоснование. Массовая самоизоляция в период пандемии COVID-19 оказала существенное влияние на спортивную деятельность, и как следствие, на психологическое здоровье спортсменов. Основные последствия для психологического здоровья спортсменов связаны в первую очередь с психосоматическими и психоэмоциональными расстройствами.
Цель исследования состояла в выявлении особенностей психологического здоровья спортсменов в период пандемии COVID-2019.
Материалы и методы. Выборку составили 419 спортсменов в возрасте от 18 до 30 лет, проживающих в различных регионах России. Исследование проводилось с использованием специально разработанной анкеты, включающей вопросы об особенностях организации тренировочного процесса в период пандемии, о дальнейших спортивных планах, о психосоматических и психоэмоциональных особенностях, вызванных вследствие отмены спортивных тренировок и соревнований. Также использовалась стандартизированная методика «Самочувствие, активность, настроение – САН» (В.А. Доскин, Н.А. Лаврентьева, В.Б. Шарай и М.П. Мирошников).
Результаты. Проведенное исследование выявило закономерность, состоящую в том, что поддержка оптимальной физической формы в период пандемии COVID-19 позволяет предупреждать негативные психосоматические и психоэмоциональные проявления, обеспечивая субъективное ощущение благоприятного физиологического и психологического состояния. Адаптивный копинг принятия спортсменами ситуации и самоконтроля прямо коррелирует с поддержкой оптимальной физической формы в период пандемии COVID-19 и, как следствие, с позитивными спортивными планами.
Заключение. Полученные результаты подтверждают, что поддержание регулярной физической активности является важной профилактической стратегией для физического и психологического здоровья во время вынужденной самоизоляции.
Скачивания
Литература
Ananev V.A. Osnovy psikhologii zdorovya. Kniga 1. Kontseptualnye osnovy psikhologii zdorovya [Fundamentals of health psychology. Book 1. Conceptual foundations of health psychology]. Saint Petersburg: Speech, 2006, 384 p.
Ilin E.P. Differentsialnaya psikhofiziologiya muzhchiny i zhenshchiny [Differential psychophysiology of men and women]. Saint Petersburg: Peter, 2002, 544 p.
Ilina N.L. Paradigmalnye «zabluzhdeniya» sportsmenov v period ogranicheniy, vyzvannykh pandemiey [Paradigmatic” misconceptions “ of athletes in the period of restrictions caused by the pandemic]. Peterburgskiy psikhologicheskiy zhurnal [St. Petersburg Psychological Journal], 2020, no. 32, pp. 58-70. https://ppj.spbpo.ru/psy/article/view/287
Kaveshnikova E.B. Psikhologicheskaya pomoshch professionalnym sportsmenam v period pandemii s uchetom ikh individualno-tipologicheskikh osobennostey [Psychological assistance to professional athletes during the pandemic, taking into account their individual typological characteristics]. Innovatsii. Nauka. Obrazovanie [Innovation. The science. Education], 2020, no. 14, pp. 828-833.
Kislyakov P. A. Psychological resistance of student youth to information stress in the COVID-19 pandemic [Psychological resistance of students to information stress in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic]. Perspektivy nauki i obrazovania [Perspectives of Science and Education], 2020, no. 47 (5), pp. 343-356. https://doi.org/10.32744/pse.2020.5.24
Kislyakov P.A., Pchelinova V.V., Kornev A.V., Karpova N.V. Socio-psychological security of sporting students with health impairments [Social and psychological safety of students-athletes with disabilities]. Teoriya i Praktika Fizicheskoy Kultury [Theory and Practice of Physical Culture], 2019, no 5, p. 15.
Likhtenshteyn V.I., Konashkov V.V. Psikhologiya bezopasnosti truda: uchebnoe posobie [Occupational safety psychology: a textbook.]. Ekaterinburg: Izd-vo Ural’skogo universiteta [Yekaterinburg: Ural University Publishing House], 2013. 134 p.
Lyamzin E.N., Splender V.V., Botonogov A.S. Perezhivanie professionalnymi sportsmenami i sportsmenami – lyubitelyami psikhologicheskogo stressa, vyzvannogo ogranichitelnymi merami iz-za COVID-19 [The experience of professional athletes and amateur athletes of psychological stress caused by restrictive measures due to COVID-19]. Sbornik statey po itogam Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii “Innovatsionnye mekhanizmy i strategicheskie prioritety nauchno-tekhnicheskogo razvitiya” [Collection of articles on the results of the International Scientific and Practical Conference “Innovative mechanisms and strategic priorities of scientific and technical development” (Volgograd, 19.08.2020)], Sterlitamak, 2020, pp. 56-60.
Merzlyakova D.R. Issledovanie vliyaniya bioritmov i fizicheskoy nagruzki na protsess sokhraneniya psikhologicheskogo zdorovya sportsmenov-podrostkov [Investigation of the influence of biorhythms and physical activity on the process of preserving the psychological health of adolescent athletes]. Voprosy psikhicheskogo zdorovya detey i podrostkov [Voprosy psikhicheskogo zdorovya detey i podrostov], 2020, vol. 20, no. 2, pр. 77-81.
Polyakov E.A., Kislyakov P.A., Senkevich L.V., Bychkova L.A. Psychological consulting service to athletes in challenging life situations [Psychological counseling of athletes in difficult life situations]. Teoriya i Praktika Fizicheskoy Kultury [Theory and Practice of Physical Culture], 2017, no. 4, p. 9.
Psikhicheskoe zdorove detey i podrostkov v kontekste psikhologicheskoy sluzhby [Mental health of children and adolescents in the context of psychological service]; ed. I.V. Dubrovina. Ekaterinburg: Delovaya kniga [Yekaterinburg: Business Book], 2000, 176 p.
Rekomendatsii VOZ po voprosam fizicheskoy aktivnosti i malopodvizhnogo obraza zhizni: kratkiy obzor [WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviuor: at a glance]. URL: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/337001/9789240014909-rus.pdf (accessed October 20, 2020)
Samoylov N.G., Aleshicheva A.V. Sovremennye predstavleniya o sostoyanii psikhologicheskogo zdorovya sportsmenov [Modern ideas about the state of psychological health of athletes]. Sportivnyy psikholog [Sports psychologist], 2016, no. 4 (43), pp. 4-11. http://sportfiction.ru/articles/sovremennye-predstavleniya-o-sostoyanii-psikhologicheskogo-zdorovya-sportsmenov/
Fukin A.I., Trusova L.A. Otnoshenie studentov – sportsmenov k pandemii koronavirusnoy infektsii COVID-19 [The attitude of student-athletes to the coronavirus infection pandemic COVID-19]. Sbornik statey VI Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii “Bekhterev i sovremennaya psikhologiya lichnosti” [Collection of articles of the VI All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference “Bekhterev and Modern Personality Psychology” (Kazan, 02-04 October 2020): Center for Social and Humanitarian Education]. Kazan, 2020, pp. 78-79.
Shuvalov A.V. Psikhologicheskoe zdorov’e cheloveka [Psychological health of a person]. Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Svyato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriya IV: Pedagogika. Psikhologiya [Bulletin of the Orthodox St. Tikhon’s University for the Humanities. Series IV: Pedagogy. Psychology], 2009, no. 4 (15), pp. 87-101. https://pstgu.ru/download/1264506230.shuvalov.pdf
Alsalhe, T.A., Aljaloud, S.O., Chalghaf, N., Guelmami, N., Alhazza, D.W., Azaiez, F., Bragazzi, N.L. Moderation effect of physical activity on the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and general distress: A pilot case study in Arabic countries. Frontiers in Psychology, 2020, no. 11, 570085. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.570085
Ammar, A., Brach, M., Trabelsi, K. et al. Effects of COVID-19 home confinement on eating behaviour and physical activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 international online survey. Nutrients, 2020, vol. 12, no. 6, 1583 p. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061583
Ammar, A., Chtourou, H., Boukhris, O. et al. COVID-19 home confinement negatively impacts social participation and life satisfaction: A worldwide multicenter study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020, vol. 17, no. 17, art. 6237, pp. 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176237
Antonini Philippe, R., Schiavio, A., Biasutti, M. Adaptation and destabilization of interpersonal relationships in sport and music during the COVID-19 lockdown. Heliyon, vol. 6, no. 10, art. e05212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05212
Behzadnia, B., FatahModares, S. Basic Psychological Need-Satisfying Activities during the COVID-19 Outbreak. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 2020, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1115-1139. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12228
Bentlage, E., Ammar, A., How, D., Ahmed, M., Trabelsi, K., Chtourou, H., Brach, M. Practical recommendations for maintaining active lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020, vol. 17, no. 17, art. 6265, pp. 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176265
Biddle, S.J.H., Mutrie, N. Psychology of physical activity: Determinants, wellbeing, and interventions. 3rd edition. London: Routledge, 2015, 420 p.
Brooks, S.K., Webster, R.K., Smith, L.E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., Rubin, G.J. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 2020, vol. 395, no. 10227, pp. 912-920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
Callow, D.D., Arnold-Nedimala, N.A., Jordan, L.S., Pena, G.S., Won, J., Woodard, J.L., Smith, J.C. The Mental Health Benefits of Physical Activity in Older Adults Survive the COVID-19 Pandemic. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2020, vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 1046-1057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.06.024
Choi, C., Bum, C.H. Changes in the type of sports activity due to COVID-19: Hypochondriasis and the intention of continuous participation in sports. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020, vol. 17, no. 13, art. 4871, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134871
Di Fronso, S., Costa, S., Montesano, C., Di Gruttola, F., Ciofi, E.G., Morgilli, L., Robazza, C., Bertollo, M. The effects of COVID-19 pandemic on perceived stress and psychobiosocial states in Italian athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2020.1802612
Gilat R., Cole B.J. COVID-19, Medicine, and Sports. Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation, 2020, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 175-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asmr.2020.04.003
Gouttebarge, V. Frings-Dresden, M. H. W., Sluiter J.K. Mental and psychosocial health among current and former professional footballers. Occupational Medicine, 2015, vol. 65, no 3, pp. 190-196. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqu202
Gulliver, A. The mental health of Australian elite athletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2015, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 255-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.04.006
Håkansson, A., Jönsson, C., Kenttä, G. Psychological distress and problem gambling in elite athletes during COVID-19 restrictions – a web survey in top leagues of three sports during the pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020, vol. 17, no. 18, art. 6693, pp. 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186693
Hammond, T., Gialloreto, C., Kubas, H., Davis, H. The Prevalence of Failure-Based Depression Among Elite Athletes. Clin. J. Sport Med., 2013, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 273-277. https://doi.org/10.1097/jsm.0b013e318287b870
Holmes, E.A., O’Connor, R.C., Perry, V.H. et al. Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2020, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 547-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30168-1
Iancheva, T., Rogaleva L., GarcíaMas A., Olmedilla, A. Рerfectionism, mood states, and coping strategies of sports students from bulgaria and russia during the pandemic COVID-19. Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 2020, vol. 1, pp. 22-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/JASS.2020.01.2
Jiménez-Pavón, D., Carbonell-Baeza, A., Lavie, C.J. Physical exercise as therapy to fight against the mental and physical consequences of COVID-19 quarantine: Special focus in older people. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 2020, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 386-388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2020.03.009
Lesser, I.A., Nienhuis, C.P. The impact of COVID-19 on physical activity behavior and well-being of Canadians. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020, vol. 17, no. 11, art. 3899. pp. 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113899
Maugeri G., Castrogiovanni P., Battaglia G., Pippi R., D’Agata V., Palma A., Di Rosa M., Musumeci G. The impact of physical activity on psychological health during COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Heliyon, 2020, vol. 6, no. 6, e04315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04315
Mon-López, D., Riaza, A.L.R., Galán, M.H., Roman, I.R. The impact of COVID-19 and the effect of psychological factors on training conditions of handball players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020, vol. 17, no. 18, art. 6471, pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186471
Mutz, M. Forced adaptations of sporting behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic and their effects on subjective well-being. European Societies, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2020.1821077
Pfefferbaum, B., North, C.S. Mental Health and the COVID-19 Pandemic. The New England journal of medicine, 2020, vol. 383, no. 6, pp. 510-512. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2008017
Pieh, C., Budimir, S., Probst, T. The effect of age, gender, income, work, and physical activity on mental health during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown in Austria. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2020, vol. 136, art. 110186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110186
Sanderson, J., Brown, K. COVID-19 and youth sports: Psychological, Developmental, and Economic Impacts. International Journal of Sport Communication, 2020, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 313-323. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2020-0236
Sarkar, M., Fletcher, D. Psychological resilience in sport performers: a review of stressors and protective factors. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2014, vol. 32, no. 15, pp. 1419-1434. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.901551
Sarto, F., Impellizzeri, F.M., Spörri, J., Porcelli, S., Olmo, J., Requena, B., Suarez-Arrones, L., Arundale, A., Bilsborough, J., Buchheit, M. Impact of Potential Physiological Changes due to COVID-19 Home Confinement on Athlete Health Protection in Elite Sports: A Call for Awareness in Sports Programming. Sports Med., 2020, no. 50, pp. 1417-1419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01297-6
Просмотров аннотации: 276 Загрузок PDF: 257
Copyright (c) 2021 Pavel A. Kislyakov, Mikhail S. Belov, Mikhail S. Belov, Nataliya P. Konstantinova
Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives» («Атрибуция — Некоммерческое использование — Без производных произведений») 4.0 Всемирная.
