Долгосрочные планы по устойчивому развитию сельского хозяйства в Японии
Аннотация
Статья посвящена проблемам сельского хозяйства в Японии, в частности, вопросу устойчивого развития. Доля этого сектора в ВВП Японии незначительна и составляет менее 1% (27% приходится на промышленность, 73% – на сферу услуг), что характерно и для других развитых странах. Однако с точки зрения национальной безопасности роль сельского хозяйства в Японии крайне высока. Информация, которая анализируется в статье, была собрана из японских статистических баз и исходных документов, подготовленных японским правительством. На основании исследования сделаны выводы о том, что идеи устойчивого сельского хозяйства начали зарождаться в Японии раньше, чем были сформированы ЦУР. В целом, цели, поставленные в официальных документах, амбициозны, но степень их реализации не соответствует ожиданиям. Программы в основном сосредоточены на продовольственной безопасности, но экологические проблемы остаются без должного внимания. Пестициды и химические удобрения продолжают по-прежнему широко применяться.
EDN: OUHYJK
Скачивания
Литература
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Bosquerolli, M. (2025). Evolution of sustainable development in Japan: from historical foundations to green transformation. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 43(3), 54–65
Statistics Bureau of Japan. (2022). Chapter 17, Environment. In Japan Statistical Yearbook 2022. Retrieved from: https://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/nenkan/71nenkan/index.html (accessed: 02.09.2024)
Statistics Bureau of Japan. (2024). Chapter 17, Environment. In Japan Statistical Yearbook 2024. Retrieved from: https://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/nenkan/73nenkan/index.html (accessed: 02.09.2024)
MAFF. Direct payments for environmentally friendly agriculture. Retrieved from: https://www.maff.go.jp/e/policies/env/sustainagri/directpay.html (accessed: 02.09.2024)
Emelyanova, O. N. (2024). Japan’s agricultural policy towards food security improvement: key strategies, initiatives and outcomes. Vostok. Afro Aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost [Oriens. African Asian societies: history and modernity], (1), 153–164. https://doi.org/10.31857/S086919080029514-2
Freiner, N. L. (2019). Rice and agricultural policies in Japan: the loss of traditional lifestyle. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 197 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91430-5
Fuhrmann Aoyagi, M., Miura, K., & Watanabe, K. (2024). Sustainability in Japan’s agriculture: an analysis of current approaches. Sustainability, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16020596
MOFA. Government’s efforts. Retrieved from: https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/sdgs/effort/index.html (accessed: 25.03.2022)
FAO. (1999). Guidelines for the production, processing, labelling and marketing of organically produced foods. Retrieved from: https://www.fao.org/input/download/standards/360/cxg_032e.pdf (accessed: 28.08.2024)
Ministry of Environment. (2022). Japan’s national greenhouse gas emissions in fiscal year 2020 (final figures). Retrieved from: https://www.env.go.jp/en/headline/2599.html (accessed: 03.09.2024)
Lama, P. (2017). Japan’s food security problem: increasing self sufficiency in traditional food. IndraStra Global, 3(7). Retrieved from: http://www.indrastra.com/2017/07/Japan-s-Food-Security-Problem-Increasing-Self-Sufficiency-in-Traditional-Food-003-07-2017-0029.html (accessed: 15.02.2022)
Niehaus, A., & Walravens, T. (2017). Feeding Japan: the cultural and political issues of dependency and risk. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 551 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50553-4
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MAFF. (2023). Promotion of GAP in Japan. Retrieved from: https://www.maff.go.jp/e/policies/env/sustainagri/attach/pdf/promogap-6.pdf (accessed: 09.09.2024)
MAFF. Sustainable agriculture. Retrieved from: https://www.maff.go.jp/e/policies/env/sustainagri/ (accessed: 09.09.2024)
Ministry of Environment. (2024). 2022年度の我が国の温室効果ガス排出・吸収量について [Publication of the Japan’s greenhouse gas emissions and absorption in FY2022]. Retrieved from: https://www.env.go.jp/press/press_03046.html (accessed: 02.09.2024). (In Japanese)
METI. (2021). エネルギー基本計画 [The basic plan of energy development]. Retrieved from: https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2021/10/20211022005/20211022005-1.pdf (accessed: 28.05.2022). (In Japanese)
Oguchi, H. (2021). 日本の食と農の未来 「持続可能な食卓」を考える [Thinking about the future of Japanese food and agriculture: sustainable dining table]. Kōbunsha, 248 p. (In Japanese)
Nikkei. (2022, June 21). 化学肥料20%削減、政府が30年目標 農業の脱炭素促す [20 % reduction in chemical fertilizer: government targets 30 year agricultural decarbonization]. Retrieved from: https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUA20AV10Q2A620C2000000/ (accessed: 02.09.2024). (In Japanese)
MAFF. (2016). 環境保全型農業の推進について [Promoting environmentally friendly agriculture]. Retrieved from: https://www.maff.go.jp/j/seisan/kankyo/hozen_type/pdf/suisin_280401_part1.pdf (accessed: 24.05.2022). (In Japanese)
MAFF. 環境保全型農業直接支払交付金 [Direct payment subsidy for environmental conservation agriculture]. Retrieved from: https://www.maff.go.jp/j/seisan/kankyo/kakyou_chokubarai/mainp.html (accessed: 24.05.2022). (In Japanese)
MAFF. (2023). 環境保全型農業直接支払交付金について [Direct payment subsidy for environmental conservation agriculture]. Retrieved from: https://www.maff.go.jp/j/seisan/kankyo/kakyou_chokubarai/attach/pdf/mainp-166.pdf (accessed: 02.09.2024). (In Japanese)
MAFF. (2020). 気候変動に対する農林水産省の取組 [Efforts by the MAFF to address climate change]. Retrieved from: https://www.maff.go.jp/j/kanbo/kankyo/seisaku/GR/attach/pdf/s_win_abs-71.pdf (accessed: 30.03.2022). (In Japanese)
MAFF. 国内総生産に関する統計 [GDP statistics]. Retrieved from: https://www.maff.go.jp/j/tokei/sihyo/data/01.html (accessed: 02.09.2024). (In Japanese)
NHK. (2024, January 11). 持続可能な農業に向けて 環境負荷低減の取り組み促進へ 農水省 [MAFF promoting efforts to reduce environmental impact for sustainable agriculture]. Retrieved from: https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20240111/k10014316861000.html (accessed: 28.08.2024). (In Japanese)
MAFF. (2021). 食料・農業・農村の動向 [Trends in food, agriculture and rural areas]. Retrieved from: https://www.maff.go.jp/j/wpaper/w_maff/r2/pdf/zentaiban.pdf (accessed: 30.03.2022). (In Japanese)
Chikasada, M. (2011). 日本の食卓を守る食料安全保障政策: 食料自給と農業再生 [Food security policy to protect Japan’s dining table: food self sufficiency and agricultural regeneration]. Yūyama sha, 101 p. (In Japanese)
Japan Center for Climate Change Actions. (n. d.). データで見る温室効果ガス排出量 [Greenhouse gas emissions in data]. Retrieved from: https://www.jccca.org/global-warming/knowleadge04 (accessed: 30.03.2022). (In Japanese)
MAFF. (2021). 農⼭漁村再⽣可能エネルギー法 [Agriculture, forestry and fisheries renewable energy act]. Retrieved from: https://www.maff.go.jp/j/shokusan/renewable/energy/houritu.html (accessed: 24.03.2022). (In Japanese)
MAFF. (2018). 農⼭漁村再⽣可能エネルギー法の施⾏状況と検討の⽅向性について. 農林水産省 [Status of the rural renewable energy law and its further review]. Retrieved from: https://www.maff.go.jp/j/council/seisaku/syokusan/bukai_28/attach/pdf/index-9.pdf (accessed: 20.05.2022). (In Japanese)
MAFF. (2023). 肥料をめぐる情勢 [The overview of fertilizers]. Retrieved from: https://www.maff.go.jp/j/seisan/sien/sizai/s_hiryo/attach/pdf/HiryouMegujiR5-5b.pdf (accessed: 26.04.2023). (In Japanese)
MAFF. (2014). 平成25年度 食料・農業・農村白書 全文 [White paper on food, agriculture and rural areas, FY2013]. Retrieved from: https://warp.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/12232574/www.maff.go.jp/j/wpaper/w_maff/h25/zenbun.html (accessed: 02.09.2024). (In Japanese)
農政ジャーナリストの会 [Agricultural Journalists’ Association]. (2022). 広がる「食の格差」とどう向き合うか 日本農業の動き No. 213 [How do we deal with the increasing food gap? Japanese agricultural movement, No. 213]. 123 p. (In Japanese)
MAFF. みどりの食料システム戦略トップページ [MIDORI strategy for sustainable food systems]. Retrieved from: https://www.maff.go.jp/j/kanbo/kankyo/seisaku/midori/ (accessed: 02.09.2024). (In Japanese)
MAFF. (2023). 令和４年 地球温暖化影響調査レポート [Global warming impact survey report 2022]. Retrieved from: https://www.maff.go.jp/j/seisan/kankyo/ondanka/attach/pdf/report-64.pdf (accessed: 02.09.2024). (In Japanese)
Ministry of Environment. (2024). 我が国の食品ロスの発生量の推計値（令和４年度）の公表について [Publication of the estimated amount of food loss in Japan (FY2022)]. Retrieved from: https://www.env.go.jp/press/press_03332.html (accessed: 02.09.2024). (In Japanese)
Список литературы
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Bosquerolli, M. (2025). Evolution of sustainable development in Japan: from historical foundations to green transformation. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 43(3), 54–65.
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Statistics Bureau of Japan. (2024). Chapter 17, Environment. In Japan Statistical Yearbook 2024. URL: https://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/nenkan/73nenkan/index.html (accessed: 02.09.2024).
MAFF. Direct payments for environmentally friendly agriculture. URL: https://www.maff.go.jp/e/policies/env/sustainagri/directpay.html (accessed: 02.09.2024).
Emelyanova, O. N. (2024). Japan’s agricultural policy towards food security improvement: key strategies, initiatives and outcomes. Vostok. Afro Aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost [Oriens. African Asian societies: history and modernity], (1), 153–164. https://doi.org/10.31857/S086919080029514-2
Freiner, N. L. (2019). Rice and agricultural policies in Japan: the loss of traditional lifestyle. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 197 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91430-5
Fuhrmann Aoyagi, M., Miura, K., & Watanabe, K. (2024). Sustainability in Japan’s agriculture: an analysis of current approaches. Sustainability, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16020596
MOFA. Government’s efforts. URL: https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/sdgs/effort/index.html (accessed: 25.03.2022).
FAO. (1999). Guidelines for the production, processing, labelling and marketing of organically produced foods. URL: https://www.fao.org/input/download/standards/360/cxg_032e.pdf (accessed: 28.08.2024).
Ministry of Environment. (2022). Japan’s national greenhouse gas emissions in fiscal year 2020 (final figures). URL: https://www.env.go.jp/en/headline/2599.html (accessed: 03.09.2024).
Lama, P. (2017). Japan’s food security problem: increasing self sufficiency in traditional food. IndraStra Global, 3(7). URL: http://www.indrastra.com/2017/07/Japan-s-Food-Security-Problem-Increasing-Self-Sufficiency-in-Traditional-Food-003-07-2017-0029.html (accessed: 15.02.2022).
Niehaus, A., & Walravens, T. (2017). Feeding Japan: the cultural and political issues of dependency and risk. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 551 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50553-4
Statista. (2024). Number of core persons engaged in the farming industry in Japan from 2005 to 2023. URL: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1289069/japan-number-person-engaged-farming/ (accessed: 09.09.2024).
MAFF. Organic JAS. URL: https://www.maff.go.jp/e/policies/standard/specific/organic_JAS.html (accessed: 28.08.2024).
MAFF. (2023). Promotion of GAP in Japan. URL: https://www.maff.go.jp/e/policies/env/sustainagri/attach/pdf/promogap-6.pdf (accessed: 09.09.2024).
MAFF. Sustainable agriculture. URL: https://www.maff.go.jp/e/policies/env/sustainagri/ (accessed: 09.09.2024).
Ministry of Environment. (2024). 2022年度の我が国の温室効果ガス排出・吸収量について [Publication of the Japan’s greenhouse gas emissions and absorption in FY2022]. URL: https://www.env.go.jp/press/press_03046.html (accessed: 02.09.2024). (In Jap.)
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Nikkei. (2022, June 21). 化学肥料20%削減、政府が30年目標 農業の脱炭素促す [20 % reduction in chemical fertilizer: government targets 30 year agricultural decarbonization]. URL: https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUA20AV10Q2A620C2000000/ (accessed: 02.09.2024). (In Jap.)
MAFF. (2016). 環境保全型農業の推進について [Promoting environmentally friendly agriculture]. URL: https://www.maff.go.jp/j/seisan/kankyo/hozen_type/pdf/suisin_280401_part1.pdf (accessed: 24.05.2022). (In Jap.)
MAFF. 環境保全型農業直接支払交付金 [Direct payment subsidy for environmental conservation agriculture]. URL: https://www.maff.go.jp/j/seisan/kankyo/kakyou_chokubarai/mainp.html (accessed: 24.05.2022). (In Jap.)
MAFF. (2023). 環境保全型農業直接支払交付金について [Direct payment subsidy for environmental conservation agriculture]. URL: https://www.maff.go.jp/j/seisan/kankyo/kakyou_chokubarai/attach/pdf/mainp-166.pdf (accessed: 02.09.2024). (In Jap.)
MAFF. (2020). 気候変動に対する農林水産省の取組 [Efforts by the MAFF to address climate change]. URL: https://www.maff.go.jp/j/kanbo/kankyo/seisaku/GR/attach/pdf/s_win_abs-71.pdf (accessed: 30.03.2022). (In Jap.)
MAFF. 国内総生産に関する統計 [GDP statistics]. URL: https://www.maff.go.jp/j/tokei/sihyo/data/01.html (accessed: 02.09.2024). (In Jap.)
NHK. (2024, January 11). 持続可能な農業に向けて 環境負荷低減の取り組み促進へ 農水省 [MAFF promoting efforts to reduce environmental impact for sustainable agriculture]. URL: https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20240111/k10014316861000.html (accessed: 28.08.2024). (In Jap.)
MAFF. (2021). 食料・農業・農村の動向 [Trends in food, agriculture and rural areas]. URL: https://www.maff.go.jp/j/wpaper/w_maff/r2/pdf/zentaiban.pdf (accessed: 30.03.2022). (In Jap.)
Chikasada, M. (2011). 日本の食卓を守る食料安全保障政策: 食料自給と農業再生 [Food security policy to protect Japan’s dining table: food self sufficiency and agricultural regeneration]. 雄山社, 101 p. (In Jap.)
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MAFF. (2021). 農⼭漁村再⽣可能エネルギー法 [Agriculture, forestry and fisheries renewable energy act]. URL: https://www.maff.go.jp/j/shokusan/renewable/energy/houritu.html (accessed: 24.03.2022). (In Jap.)
MAFF. (2018). 農⼭漁村再⽣可能エネルギー法の施⾏状況と検討の⽅向性について. 農林水産省[Status of the rural renewable energy law and its further review]. URL: https://www.maff.go.jp/j/council/seisaku/syokusan/bukai_28/attach/pdf/index-9.pdf (accessed: 20.05.2022). (In Jap.)
MAFF. (2023). 肥料をめぐる情勢 [The overview of fertilizers]. URL: https://www.maff.go.jp/j/seisan/sien/sizai/s_hiryo/attach/pdf/HiryouMegujiR5-5b.pdf (accessed: 26.04.2023). (In Jap.)
MAFF. (2014). 平成25年度 食料・農業・農村白書 全文 [White paper on food, agriculture and rural areas, FY2013]. URL: https://warp.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/12232574/www.maff.go.jp/j/wpaper/w_maff/h25/zenbun.html (accessed: 02.09.2024). (In Jap.)
農政ジャーナリストの会 [Agricultural Journalists’ Association]. (2022). 広がる「食の格差」とどう向き合うか 日本農業の動き No. 213 [How do we deal with the increasing food gap? Japanese agricultural movement, No. 213]. 123 p. (In Jap.)
MAFF. みどりの食料システム戦略トップページ [MIDORI strategy for sustainable food systems]. URL: https://www.maff.go.jp/j/kanbo/kankyo/seisaku/midori/ (accessed: 02.09.2024). (In Jap.)
MAFF. (2023). 令和４年 地球温暖化影響調査レポート [Global warming impact survey report 2022]. URL: https://www.maff.go.jp/j/seisan/kankyo/ondanka/attach/pdf/report-64.pdf (accessed: 02.09.2024). (In Jap.)
Ministry of Environment. (2024). 我が国の食品ロスの発生量の推計値（令和４年度）の公表について [Publication of the estimated amount of food loss in Japan (FY2022)]. URL: https://www.env.go.jp/press/press_03332.html (accessed: 02.09.2024). (In Jap.)
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