СЕЛЕКЦИОННО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ КОЛЛЕКЦИИ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ
Аннотация
В Западной Сибири озимая пшеница рассматривается в качестве одного из источника увеличения производства зерна благодаря повышенной урожайности и лучшему использованию биоклиматических ресурсов региона.
Целью исследования являлась селекционная оценка и выделение генетических источников из международной коллекции образцов озимой мягкой пшеницы в качестве исходного материала для создания высокоурожайных сортов, устойчивых к неблагоприятным факторам среды.
Материалы и методы. Проведена полевая оценка 96 образцов озимой мягкой пшеницы из разных стран в 2022–2023 гг. с применением общепринятых селекционных методик. 96 образцов генотипированы с использованием 55 KASP-маркеров, разработанных в Институте биологии и биотехнологии растений (Казахстан).
Результаты. У селекционного материала из Турции преобладали более позднеспелые формы (313 сут.); образцы американской селекции отличались низкорослостью (57,5 см), высокой продуктивной кустистостью (2,42 шт./раст.) и повышенной урожайностью (271 г/м2); образцы из России и Болгарии имели высокие показатели зимостойкости растений – 66,7% и 69,9% соответственно. Среднее число аллелей составило 2, число эффективных аллелей – 1,42. Изучение популяционной структуры и генетического сходства образцов коллекции из разных географических групп выявило их деление на шесть субпопуляций, независимо от происхождения образцов. Информационный индекс Шеннона варьировал от 0,058 до 0,693 со средним значением 0,40; ожидаемая гетерозиготность (0,25) свидетельствуют об относительно высоком генетическом разнообразии изученных форм.
Заключение. Результаты проведенных исследований могут быть успешно использованы в селекции для создания высокоурожайных сортов озимой пшеницы, устойчивых к неблагоприятным факторам среды и отличающихся высоким качеством зерна.
EDN: LMBBIY
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References
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Giannakaki P., Calanca P. Russian winter and spring wheat productivity, heat stress and drought conditions at flowering, and the role of atmospheric blocking // Climate Research, 2019, vol. 78, рр. 135-147. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01563.4
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Irshad A., Guo H., Ur Rehman S., Wang X., Gu J., Xiong H., Xie Y., Zhao L., Zhao S., Wang C., Liu L. Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in TaSBE III and Development of KASP Marker Associated With Grain Weight in Wheat // Frontiers in Genetics, 2021, vol. 12, рр. 697294. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.697294
Karsai I., Vida G., Petrovics S., Petcu E., Kobiljski B., Ivanovska S., Bedo Z., Veisz O. Assessment of the spatial genotypic and phenotypic diversity present in the various winter wheat breeding programs in Southeast Europe // Euphytica, 2012, vol. 186, рр. 139-151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-011-0510-2
Kaur B., Mavi G.S., Gill M.S., Saini D.K. Utilization of KASP technology for wheat improvement // Cereal Research Communications, 2020, vol. 48, рр. 409-421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-020-00057-6
Kidokoro S., Shinozaki K., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. Transcriptional regulatory network of plant cold-stress responses // Trends in Plant Science, 2022, vol. 27, рр. 922-935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2022.01.008
Liu S., Rudd J.C., Bai G., Haley S.D., Ibrahim A.M.H., Xue Q., Hays D.B., Graybosch R.A., Devkota R.N., Amand P.St. Molecular Markers Linked to Important Genes in Hard Winter Wheat // Crop science, 2014, vol. 54, no. 4, рр. 1304-1321. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2013.08.0564
Liu L., Yuan C.Y., Wang M.N., See D.R., Zemetra R.S., Chen X.M. QTL analysis of durable stripe rust resistance in the North American winter wheat cultivar Skiles // Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2019, vol. 132, рр. 1677-1691. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-019-03307-2.
Miedaner T., Akel1 W., Flath K., Jacobi A., Taylor M., Longin F., Würschum T. Molecular tracking of multiple disease resistance in a winter wheat diversity panel // Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2020, vol. 133, рр. 419-431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-019-03472-4
Pandurangan S., Workman C., Nilsen K., Kumar S. Introduction to Marker-Assisted Selection in Wheat Breeding // In Accelerated Breeding of Cereal Crops. Springer Protocols Handbooks, 2022, рр. 77-117. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1526-3
Peakall R., Smouse P.E. GenAlEx 6.5: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research // Molecular Ecology Notes, 2012, vol. 6, no. 1, рр. 288-295. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01155.x
Pritchard J.K., Stephens M., Donnelly P. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data // Genetics, 2000, vol. 155, no. 2, рр. 945-959. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/155.2.945
Rasheed A., Wen W.E., Gao F.M., Zhai S.N., Jin H., Liu J.D., Guo Q., Zhang Y.J., Dreisigacker S., Xia X.C., He Z.H. Development and validation of KASP assays for genes underpinning key economic traits in bread wheat // Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2016, vol. 129, no. 10, рр. 1843-1860.
Sthapit S.R., Marlowe K., Covarrubias D.C., Ruff T.M., Eagle J.D., McGinty Е.M., Hooker M.A., Duong N.B., Skinner D.Z., See D.R. Genetic diversity in historical and modern wheat varieties of the U.S. Pacific Northwest // Crop Science, 2020, vol. 60, no. 6, рр. 3175-3190. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20299
Tadesse W., Sanchez-Garcia M., Assefa S.G., Amri A., Bishaw Z., Ogbonnaya F.C., Baum M. Genetic Gains in Wheat Breeding and Its Role in Feeding the World // Crop Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, 2019, vol. 1, рр. e190005. https://doi.org/10.20900/cbgg20190005
Templ B., Calanca P. Critical increase in the occurrence of heat stress during reproductive growth in Russian wheat beyond 1.5 C global warming // Weather and Climate Extremes, 2020, vol. 30, рр. 100281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2020.100281
Turuspekov Y., Baibulatova A., Yermekbayev K., Tokhetova L., Chudinov V., Sereda G., Ganal M.W., Griffiths S., Abugalieva S. GWAS for plant growth stages and yield components in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvested in three regions of Kazakhstan // BMC Plant Biology, 2017, vol. 17, no. 1, рр. 51-61. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-017-1131-2
Vikram P., Franco J., Burgueño-Ferreira J., Li H., Sehgal D., Pierre C.S., Ortiz C., Sneller C., Tattaris M., Guzman C. et al. Unlocking the genetic diversity of Creole wheats // Scientific Reports, 2016, vol. 6, рр. 23092. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep23092
Zhao J., Wang Z., Liu H., Zhao J., Li T., Hou J., Zhang X., Chenyang Н. Global status of 47 major wheat loci controlling yield, quality, adaptation and stress resistance selected over the last century // BMC Plant Biology, 2019, vol. 19, рр. 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-018-1612-y
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